Complete Solution UGC NET Environmental Science Paper 18 June 2024

 Q 1. Which one of the following is a physical method of recycling plastics ?

Ans - Burn the plastic to obtain energy

Q 2. Match the following

Ans -  Basel > Transboundary movement of hazards waste 

          Bonn >  Migratory species

          Stockholm > POPs

          Vienna > Protection Ozone Layer

Q 3. Formation of Petroleum deposits stage initial to last

Ans -  Generation > Migration > Seepage > Accumulation

Q 4. Normal Lapse rate of Temperature

Ans - 6.4 degree Celsius

Q 5. Which law stated "In the Northern Hemisphere, if a person stands with their back to the wind, the atmospheric pressure is low to the left, high to the right."

Ans - Buys Ballot law

Q 6. Main Objectives of CBD 1993

Ans -  1. Conservation of biodiversity

           2. Fair and equitable sharing of benefit

           3. Sustainable use

Q 7. Choose correct statement:

Ans -  All are correct 

           ( Humus gives soil dark colour, Humic Acid insoluble in acid, fulvic acid soluble in acid, humic acid have lower oxygen, clay particle are colloids)

Q 8. Quartile Qi, Decile Di, Percentile Pi

 Ans - Q2 = P50 = D5

Q 9. Arrange arsenic compound increasing LD50 value 

Ans - the order from the most toxic (lowest LD50) to the least toxic (highest LD50) is:

         Arsenous acid   Arsenic acid   Arsenocholine   Dimethylarsonic acid   Arsenobetaine

Q 10. Which is not applied for disinfection of water 

Ans - Perchlorate 

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) - Widely used for water disinfection because of its strong oxidizing properties. 

Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) - An effective water disinfectant known for its ability to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and some types of protozoa. 

Ozone (O₃) - A powerful oxidizing agent used for disinfection and oxidation of contaminants in water. 

Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) - Not used for water disinfection. It is actually a contaminant of concern in drinking water because of its potential health effects.

Q 11.  Answer -

           List 1                                                                   List 2

      Statistical parameter                                     No. of entities required 

        regression coefficient                                               2

       mode                                                                          3 

confidence interval for single proportion expected cell   5

 frequency in a 2x2 contingency table                              4

Q 12. Which criteria pollutant is a green house gas but not directly emmited in atmosphere

Ans - Ozone 

Q13. Which phosphorus species dominent in ph range 3 to 7

Ans - monovalent anion H₂PO₄⁻

Q 14. Chernobyl accident was mainly concentrated in the isotopes of 

Ans - Uranium

Q 15. Keystone species has a 

Ans - large effect on community

Q 16. gamma diversity reflects at level of 

Ans - Landscape

Q 17. Noise level of 90 dB for 10 minutes and 70 dB of 40 minutes. calculate equivalent energy level for 50 minutes period 

Ans - 64 dB

The formula for calculating Leq for multiple noise levels over different time periods is:

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{T_{\text{total}}} \sum_{i=1}^{n} 10^{\left(\frac{L_i}{10}\right)} \times T_i \right)$

Where:

• $L_i$ is the sound level in decibels (dB) for each time period $i$
• $T_i$ is the duration of exposure in seconds for each time period $i$
• $T_{\text{total}}$ is the total duration of exposure in seconds for all time periods $n$

Given:

• $L_1 = 90$ dB for $T_1 = 10$ minutes
• $L_2 = 70$ dB for $T_2 = 40$ minutes

First, we need to convert the duration of exposure from minutes to seconds.

$T_{\text{total}} = T_1 + T_2 = (10 \times 60) + (40 \times 60) = 600 + 2400 = 3000$ seconds

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{3000} \left( 10^{\left(\frac{90}{10}\right)} \times 600 + 10^{\left(\frac{70}{10}\right)} \times 2400 \right) \right)$

Now, let's calculate $Leq$:

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{3000} \left( 10^{9} \times 600 + 10^{7} \times 2400 \right) \right)$

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{3000} \left( 6000000000 + 24000000 \right) \right)$

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{3000} \times 6024000000 \right)$

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} \left( 2008000 \right)$

$Leq = 10 \times \log_{10} (2008000)$

$Leq ≈ 10 \times 6.3025$

$Leq ≈ 63.025$ dB

Q 18 Which SDGs address social issues 

  Ans-    SDG 5  and SDG 6

Q 19 Basalt is composed of 

Ans - Plagioclase, Olivine, Pyroxene

Q 20. Carbonate compensation depth decrease with 

Ans -  Increase latitude and decreasing ocean temperature

Q 21. Doldrums is a zone of 

Ans - ITCZ Intertropical convergence

Q 22. Increasing order of high heating value (HHV)

Ans -  Food waste   Paper waste   Plastic   Rubber     Bituminous coal

Q 23 Chronical order of policies related to environment 

Ans - National Water Policy 1987

          National Forest Policy 1988

          National Agriculture Policy  July 2000

          National Environment Policy 2006

          National Clean Air Programme 2019

Q 24. Red mud waste connected with  

Ans- Alumina from bauxite

Q 25. Arrange mean residence time (years) of phosphorus for following ecosystem descending order

Ans -  boreal forest > temperate coniferous forest  > temperate deciduous forest > tropical rain forest

Q 26. Headquarters of International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

Ans - India 

Q 27. Following is true for ground source heat pump 

Ans -  They can be used to pump heat from the ground into a building as well dump heat from building to ground

Q 28. Some important attributes of ecotypes, correct answer

Ans-  A. Ecotypes have clear difference in morphology, physiology and phenology

          B. Ecotypes potentially infertile with other ecotype of same species 

          c. Ecotypic differentiation generally occur over a wide range of environmental condition

Q 29. Arrange in Increasing order of weathering vulnerability

Ans -  Quartz, Feldspar, Olivine, Carbonate, Halite

Q 30. Which of the following NAPCC implemented by DST

Ans-  NM for sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem

          NM for strategic knowledge for climate change

Q 31. Which is not a part of integrated solid waste management 

Ans - (4) life cycle assessment.

Q 32. Which is not a part of Biodiversity Act 2002

Ans -  traditional knowlwge digital library (TKDL)

Q 33. Which is not a criteria to mark a waste as hazardous waste 

Ans - Quantity 

Q 34. Winds blow parallel to isobars, known as ----

Ans - Geostrophic Wind.

Q 35. Arrange gases as per their mixing ration in atmosphere (lower to higher)

Ans -  EBCAD

            Xenon  Hydrogen   Krypton   Helium  Neon

Q 36. Decreasing order of albedo

Ans-  Fresh snow > Old Snow > Sand > Wet Earth > Forest

Q 37. Correct match

         Humidity - Hygrometer

         Irradiance - Pyranometer

         Rainfall - Hyetometer

         Wind -     Anemometer

Q 38. Correct Match

         0 order rxn  -  Bacterial nitrification of ammonia 

         1 order rxn -   decomposition of organic matter in BOD test

         2 order rxn -  cometabolic transformation of some halogenated carbon compound

Q 39. Correct Match 

        perihelion - Earth close to sun 

        aphelion - earth farther from sun

        albedo - reflection coefficient

        isotherms - horizontal distribution of temperature

Q 40. Arrange following in ascending order of lower heating value (LHV)

 Ans-  arrangement in ascending order of Lower Heating Value (LHV):

1. Lignite (15-20 MJ/kg)

2. Bituminous (20-30 MJ/kg)

3. Anthracite (30-35 MJ/kg)

4. Crude oil (42-45 MJ/kg)

5. Methane (55.5 MJ/kg)

Q 41. Arrange countries rank as per global food security index rank 2022

Ans -  China 25

           India  68

           Nepal 74

           Srilanka 79

           Bangladesh 80

Q 42. Correct Match

     Neutralism -  Neither species affected by each other

     Amensalism - Species A is inhibited, B is not affected

     Commensalism - Species A benefitted, B unaffected

     Mutualism - Interection favourable to both species

Q 43. Arrange following waste type increasing order of moisture

     Trash 

     Refuse 

     Rubbish 

     Garbage 

     Organic waste and animal solids 

Q 44. According to World Air quality report 2023, which metropolitan area is most polluted 

Ans- Begusarai

Q 45. Which of the following is not a constituent gas out from waste landfill

Ans- Ozone

Q 46. Arrange soil horizon from top to bottom

Ans-   

1. Oi (Organic horizon - fresh organic matter, e.g., leaf litter)

2. Oa (Organic horizon - decomposed organic matter, e.g., humus)

3. A (Topsoil - nutrient-rich, biologically active horizon)

4. E (Eluviation horizon - zone of leaching, where nutrients are washed away)

5. B (Subsoil - zone of accumulation, where nutrients and clay particles accumulate)

Q 47. Which coalfields contain tertiary coals  

Ans-   Neyveli Tamilnadu

           Makum Assam

Q 48. Arrange following coals in increasing order of O/C ratios 

Ans -   EDCBA,  Anthracite have lowest O/C ratio then bituminous, lignite and peat have highest

Q 49. Which EIA process step to Terms of reference (ToR)

Ans - Scoping

Q 50. Correct Match

        Nuclear minerals - Precambrian

        Coal        -   Permian

        Petroleum -  Palogene

        Gas hydrates - Recent 

Q 51. Correct match

      Appiko Movement -  Shimoga (Karnataka)

      Chipko Movement -  Chamoli (Uttrakhand)

      Jungle Bachao -         Singhbhum (Jharkhand)

      Silent Valley   -          Palakkad (Kerala)

Q 52. In order to test for association between two categorical variable income and gender chi square test was done. arrange the following steps

Ans -  E. Tabulate the observed cell frequencies in a 2x2 table 

           A. Calculate expected cell frequency 

           B. Calculate the value of (Oi - Ei)2/Ei

           C. Compare calculated chi square value

           D. Reject null hypothesis

Q 53. Arrange gases in increasing rate of diffusion during aeration process

Ans-  ECDBA

5. Hydrogen (H2) - lightest and fastest diffusing gas

4. Oxygen (O2)

3. Ozone (O3) -  heavier than O2, its high reactivity enhances its diffusion rate

2. Chlorine (Cl2)

1. Bromine (Br2) - heaviest and slowest diffusing gas

Q54. MoEFCC recently merged which conservations schemes 

Ans-  Project Tiger and Project Elephant

Q55. Match Correctly

1. Garnetiferous gneiss - B. High grade metamorphic rock

2. Chlorite-schist - C. Medium grade metamorphic rock

3. Phyllite - A. Low grade metamorphic rock

4. Shale - D. Sedimentary rock

Explanation:

- Garnetiferous gneiss is a high-grade metamorphic rock that forms under high pressure and temperature conditions.

- Chlorite-schist is a medium-grade metamorphic rock that forms under moderate pressure and temperature conditions.

- Phyllite is a low-grade metamorphic rock that forms under low pressure and temperature conditions.

- Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction and cementation of clay particles.

Q 56. Arrange the ecosystem type on the basis of standing crop in ascending order

1. Desertified area (<100 g/m)

2. Tropical grassland (100-500 g/m)

3. Tropical swamp  4. Boreal forest 

5. Tropical forest (5,000-10,000 g/m)

Q57. Wildlife (protection) amendment act 2022 align with which of following conventions

Ans-  CITES

Q 58. Which of the following is not chlorine based pesticides 

Ans -  C and D     isopropyl n phenyl carbonate         parathion 

Q 59. Logistic growth curve of a population 

Ans-   dN/dt= rN (K-N/K).

Q 60. MOEFCC automatic EC portal name

Ans- PARIVESH

Q 61. Solid waste rules 2016, hilly areas 

Ans - Sanitary landfill within 25 km down the hill

Q62. Match Correctly

        Hasdeo Bango  -  Chhattisgarh

        Indira Sagar - Madhya Pradesh

        Jakham - Rajasthan

         Koyna -  Maharashtra

Q 63. Correct statement about photochemical smog

     D and E

     photochemical smog formed when sun overhead

     Aldehyde ozone are important constituent of this

Q 64. Arrange mountain range increasing order of mean annual temperature

      Alps, Rocky, Himalaya, Andes, Ethiopean Highland

Q 65.Incorrect statement

Ans - O2 under photo dissociation by UV-C radiation in stratosphere

Q 66. UNFCCC CoP maximum time held in which country

Ans - Germany

Q 67. What are Collection mechanism of bag filter include

Ans-  A,B,D,E Sedimentation, Diffusion, Interception, Impaction

Q 68. Which state have maximum Ramsar sites

Ans - Tamil Nadu

Q 69. Steps to get correlation coefficient

Ans- BDACE

Q 70. Match correctly 

   1. Nominal-nominal - III. Non-parametric test (e.g. Chi-squared test)

   2. Binomial-continuous - IV or II

   3. Continuous-continuous - I. Correlation coefficient

   4. Nominal-continuous - II. One way ANOVA (or IV. Two independent samples t-test)

Q 71. Which is a natural pesticide

Ans - Pyrethrins

Q 72. The peak of coal bed methane generation durings catagenesis occur at a temperature of

Ans -  150 degree Celsius

Q 73. Arrange least to most preferred waste approach

Ans -   DBEAC waste treatment, waste concentration, separation, reuse recyle, source reduction

Q 74. Incorrect statement

Ans-   In dark hours, algae in water bodies increase the pH of water.

Algae undergo photosynthesis during light hours, consuming CO2 and releasing OH- ions, which increases the pH of the water. However, in dark hours, algae undergo respiration, consuming O2 and releasing CO2, which decreases the pH of the water.

Q 75. Which gases released from second phase of decomposition in landfill

Ans - Methane and CO2

Q 76. Which of the following sensors have thermal infrared sesing capability

Ans   A,C,D  ASTER, Landsat, MODIS

Q 77. Thin layer chromatography is a suitable exampe of

Ans - Partition chromatography

Q 78. Which of the following most commonly used expressing image classification accuracy 

Ans - B,C,D  Confusion matrix, error matrix, contingency table

Q 79. Match correctly 

A. COAL - I. SEAM

B. PETROLEUM - III. TRAP

C. NUCLEAR MINERAL - iv PLACERS

D. GAS HYDRATES - II. CLATHRATES

Q 80. Nuclear fuel mineral

Ans - Pitchblende

Q 81. Match correctly 

-Mistral: Cold and dry wind in Western Mediterranean

- Foehn: Warm and dry wind on the Swiss Alps

- Santa Ana: Warm and dry wind in USA (specifically in Southern California)

- Bora: Cold wind in Western Mediterranean (specifically in the Adriatic region)

Q 82. Correct statement related to composting

Ans - All statement are correct A,B,C,D,E

Q83. Match 

ISO 14010  Auditing

ISO 14020  Labelling

ISO 14030  Performance Evaluation

ISO 14040  LCA

Q 84. Environmental Disaster chronology order

Love canal > Bhopal disaster 1984 > Chernobyl 1986 > Ivory coast > Fukushima 2011

Q.85 Coriolis force directly proportional to 

Ans-  Horizontal velocity of moving body, Sine of latitide B,D or BCD ( mass of moving body may or may not)

Q 86. Choose incorrect statement

Ans- Carbon dioxide is insoluble in boiling water

Q 87. Match 

A. Taiga Spruce Forest - I. PODZOL

B. Tropical Rain Forest - II. LATOSOL

C. Temperate Grassland - IV. CHERNOZEM

D. Bog - III. PEAT

Explanation:

- Podzol is a soil type commonly found in boreal forests (taiga), characterized by acidic, sandy soils with low nutrient availability.

- Latosol is a soil type found in tropical regions, including rainforests, characterized by high nutrient availability and acidic to neutral pH.

- Chernozem is a soil type found in temperate grasslands, characterized by high nutrient availability, alkaline pH, and rich organic matter.

- Peat is a soil type formed in bogs, characterized by acidic, oxygen-poor conditions, and high organic matter content.

Q 88. Which one the following pollutant produced during burning hydrogen as fuel

Ans - H2O

Q 89. Which pair have different oxidation state

Ans NH3 AND NO2

Q 90. Which type plume under strong lapse rate

Ans - Looping

Q 91.4.6 

Q 92. Karl pearson coefficient corelation

Q 93. Frequency table

Q 94. strata 1 and 5

Q 95. 43.7 %

Q 96. 0.0420

Q 97. CaCO3

Q 98. O18/O16

Q 99. None of the above. BONUS (Law of correlation is the correct answer)

1. Law of Superposition: States that older layers are buried beneath younger layers.

2. Law of Horizontality (or Original Horizontality): States that layers were originally deposited in a horizontal position.

3. Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships: States that a geological feature (like a fault or igneous dike) that cuts across layers is younger than the layers it cuts across.

4. Law of Lateral Continuity: States that layers continue laterally (side to side) until they thin out or are truncated by another geological feature.

Q 100. Plestocene